a horse officially entered, but not permitted to start unless the field is reduced by scratches below a specified number.

a horse who finishes out of the money.

rider who has not ridden a certain number of winners within a specified period of time. Also known as a bug boy.

weight concession to an apprentice rider: usually 10 pounds until the fifth winner, seven pounds until the 35th winner and five pounds for one calendar year from the 35th winner.

a bet on a horse to win, place and show.

when a horse extends himself to the utmost.

money added to the purse of a race by the racing association or by a breeding or other fund.

a race other than claiming for which the racing secretary drafts certain conditions to determine weights.

weight permitted to be reduced because of the conditions of the race or because an apprentice is on a horse. Also, a weight females are entitled to when racing against males.